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Author : Christophe Lacomme
Published in : Humana press
ISBN : 978-1-4939-2620-6
File Type : pdf
File Size : 12 mb
Language : English
Description
Pathogens pose a threat to plants in natural communities (i.e., forests, grasslands), horticul tural commodities, or cultivated crops. Risks of pathogen spread have increased with increased human mobility and the globalization of trade. In addition, factors such as environmental changes (local or global climate fl uctuations) and changes to pesticide legislation impact on whether pathogens and their vectors establish in different habitats and the selective pressures that will give rise to new pathotypes and pesticide- or antibiotic resistant variants. Damages caused worldwide by either emerging, re-emerging or endemic pathogens are signifi cantly important. The International Plant Protection Convention, Regional and National Plant Protection Organizations, have developed phytosanitary measures to prevent the spread of regulated pathogens (particularly quarantine pathogens) between countries in order to protect agricultural and natural plant systems. Safeguarding plant biosecurity relies heavily on the early detection and diagnosis of the pathogen. Other than diagnoses based on morphological characteristics, diagnostic methods can be separated into three main categories: bioassay, serological and molecular methods, and sometimes a combination of these methods will be used. Since the late 1970s, the serological method of ELISA, using polyclonal and especially monoclonal antibodies, has been the method of choice for most diagnostic laboratories, due to its cost effectiveness and capacity to provide reliable detection and diagnosis for a large number of samples.
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