| Author: |
Patrick R. Murray
|
| Published in: | Elsevier |
| Release Year: | 2018 |
| ISBN: | 978-0-323-47676-8 |
| Pages: | 243 |
| Edition: | 1st Edition |
| File Size: | 4 MB |
| File Type: | |
| Language: | English |
Description of Basic Medical Microbiology
Basic Medical Microbiology written by Patrick R. Murray is a great book for medical microbiology studies available in ebook (PDF) download. What is the bigger challenge for a student or the instructor to understand what is important in medical microbiology? Many years ago when I took my first graduate course in medical microbiology, I read thousands of pages of text, listened to 5 hours of lectures a week, and performed lab exercises 6 hours a week for 1 year. I was given a wonderful foundation in microbiology, but I frequently asked the question that was voiced by all the students do I really need to know all Basic Medical Microbiology he answers to that question is certainly no, but the challenge is what information is needed.
Years later when I set out to write my first textbook on microbiology, my goal was to only give the students what they need to know, described in a way that is informative, factual, and concise. I think I was successful in that effort, but I also realize that the discipline of microbiology continues to change as do approaches to presenting information to the students. I am still firmly convinced that my efforts in my first textbook, Medical Microbiology, and subsequent editions are important, forming the foundation of microbiology knowledge for a student. his cannot be replaced by a quick search of the internet or a published review because much of the subject matter presented in Medical Microbiology epidemiology, virulence, clinical diseases, diagnostics, treatment is a distillation of the review of numerous research articles and clinical and technical experience.
Years later when I set out to write my first textbook on microbiology, my goal was to only give the students what they need to know, described in a way that is informative, factual, and concise. I think I was successful in that effort, but I also realize that the discipline of microbiology continues to change as do approaches to presenting information to the students. I am still firmly convinced that my efforts in my first textbook, Medical Microbiology, and subsequent editions are important, forming the foundation of microbiology knowledge for a student. his cannot be replaced by a quick search of the internet or a published review because much of the subject matter presented in Medical Microbiology epidemiology, virulence, clinical diseases, diagnostics, treatment is a distillation of the review of numerous research articles and clinical and technical experience.
Having stated that, students frequently turn to review books consisting of abbreviated summaries, illustrations (should I say cartoons), and various mnemonic aids for mastering this subject. As I have watched this evolution of learning microbiology, I am struck by the sacrifice that has been made. I believe microbiology is a beautiful subject, with the balance between health and disease defined by the biology of individual organisms and microbial communities. Without an understanding of the biology, lists of facts are soon forgotten. But I am a realist and know the burden students face, mastering not only microbiology but also a number of other subjects. So the personal question I posed was is there a better way to present to the student a summary of information that is easy to understand and remember? his book is my approach to solving this question.
First, almost by definition, it is not comprehensive. Just as I have carefully selected organisms and diseases to present in the Basic Medical Microbiology book, I have also intentionally not mentioned others not because they are unimportant but because they are less common. I have also not presented a detailed discussion of microbial biology and virulence or the immune response of the patient to an infection, but simply presented the association between an organism and disease. Again, I felt those discussions should be reserved for Medical Microbiology. Finally, the organization of Basic Medical Microbiology book is focused on organisms—bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites—rather than diseases. I do this because I think it is easier for a student to remember a limited number of diseases associated with an organism rather than a long list of organisms (or a significantly incomplete list) implicated in a specific disease such as pneumonia. Still, patients present with disease and the observer must develop a list of organisms that could be responsible; so to aid the student, I provide this differential diagnosis in the introductory chapter of each organism section (Chapters 2, 12, 18, and 22).
I also provide in these introductory chapters an overview of the classification of the organisms (a structural framework for remembering the organisms) and a listing of antimicrobials that are used to treat infections. he individual chapters in Sections 1–4 are organized in a common theme: brief discussion of the individual organisms, a summary of facts (properties, epidemiology, clinical disease, diagnosis, treatment) provided in a concise table, illustrations provided as a visual learning aid, and clinical cases to reinforce the clinical significance of the organisms. Finally, examination questions are provided to help the student assess their ability to assimilate the Basic Medical Microbiology of material. Again, I will emphasize that the Basic Medical Microbiology text should not be considered a comprehensive review of microbiology. On the other hand, I believe if the student masters Basic Medical Microbiology of material, he or she will have a firm foundation in the principles and applications of microbiology. I certainly welcome all comments on how successful my efforts are. I would like to acknowledge the support and guidance from the Elsevier professionals who help bring this concept to reality, particularly Jim Merritt, Katie De Francesco, Nicole DiCicco, and Tara Delaney. Additionally, I want to thank the many students who have challenged me to think about the broad world of microbes and distill this into the essential material they must master, and my professional business colleagues who stimulated me to explain complex microbiology information in a factual but coherent story for a novice in this field.
Content of Basic Medical Microbiology
SECTION I Introduction
1 Overview of Medical Microbiology, 1
Viruses and Bacteria, 2
Fungi and Parasites, 2
Good versus Bad Microbes, 3
Conclusion, 3
SECTION II Bacteria
2 Introduction to Bacteria, 4
A Word of Caution, 4
Overview, 4
Classification, 4
Role in Disease, 5
Antibacterial Agents, 7
3 Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci, 10
Interesting Facts, 10
Staphylococcus aureus, 13
β-Hemolytic Streptococci, 16
Streptococcus pneumoniae, 20
Viridans Streptococci, 21
Enterococcus, 22
4 Aerobic Gram-Positive Rods, 25
Interesting Facts, 25
Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus, 26
Listeria monocytogenes, 28
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 30
5 Acid-Fast Bacteria, 33
Interesting Facts, 33
Acid-Fast Organisms, 33
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 35
Mycobacterium leprae, 36
Mycobacterium avium Complex, 37
Nocardia Species, 37
6 Aerobic Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli, 40
Interesting Facts, 40
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 41
Neisseria meningitidis, 42
Eikenella corrodens, 44
Kingella kingae, 44
Moraxella catarrhalis, 44
Haemophilus influenzae, 45
Acinetobacter baumannii, 46
Bordetella pertussis, 47
Francisella tularensis, 49
Brucella Species, 50
7 Aerobic Fermentative Gram-Negative Rods, 52
Interesting Facts, 52
Escherichia coli, 54
Klebsiella pneumoniae, 56
Proteus mirabilis, 57
Salmonella Species, 57
Shigella Species, 59
Yersinia pestis, 60
Vibrio cholerae, 61
8 Aerobic Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Rods, 63
Interesting Facts, 63
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 64
Burkholderia cepacia, 65
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 66
9 Anaerobic Bacteria, 68
Interesting Facts, 68
Clostridium tetani, 70
Clostridium botulinum, 71
Clostridium perfringens, 72
Clostridium difficile, 74
Bacteroides fragilis, 75
10 Spiral-Shaped Bacteria, 78
Interesting Facts, 78
Campylobacter jejuni, 79
Helicobacter pylori, 80
Treponema pallidum, 81
Borrelia burgdorferi, 82
Leptospira Species, 84
11 Intracellular Bacteria, 86
Interesting Facts, 86
Rickettsia rickettsii, 87
Ehrlichia chaffeensis, 88
Coxiella burnetii, 89
Chlamydia trachomatis, 90
SECTION III Viruses
12 Introduction to Viruses, 93
Overview, 93
Classification, 93
Role in Disease, 95
Antiviral Agents, 97
13 Human Immunodeficiency Viruses, 99
Interesting Facts, 99
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1
(HIV-1), 100
14 Human Herpesviruses, 103
Interesting Facts, 103
Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and Virus Types 2, 104
Varicella-Zoster Virus, 106
Cytomegalovirus, 107
Epstein-Barr Virus, 108
Human Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8, 109
15 Respiratory Viruses, 110
Interesting Facts, 110
Rhinoviruses, 110
Coronaviruses, 111
Influenza Viruses, 112
Paramyxoviridae, 113
Parainfluenza Viruses, 113
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, 114
Human Metapneumovirus, 115
Adenovirus, 116
16 Hepatitis Viruses, 117
Interesting Facts, 117
Hepatitis A Virus, 118
Hepatitis B and D Viruses, 118
Hepatitis C Virus, 119
Hepatitis E Virus, 120
17 Gastrointestinal Viruses, 122
Interesting Facts, 122
Rotavirus, 122
Norovirus and Sapovirus, 124
Astrovirus, 125
Adenovirus, 125
SECTION IV Fungi
18 Introduction to Fungi, 127
Overview, 127
Classification, 127
Role in Disease, 128
Antifungal Agents, 129
19 Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Fungi, 131
Interesting Facts, 131
Dermatophytosis, 132
Fungal Keratitis, 134
Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis, 134
Other Subcutaneous Infections, 135
20 Systemic Dimorphic Fungi, 137
Interesting Facts, 137
Blastomyces dermatitidis, 138
Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii, 139
Histoplasma capsulatum, 141
21 Opportunistic Fungi, 144
Interesting Facts, 144
Candida albicans and Related Species, 144
Cryptococcus neoformans, 146
Miscellaneous Yeastlike Fungi, 148
Aspergillus fumigatus, 148
Miscellaneous Opportunistic Molds, 150
SECTION V Parasites
22 Introduction to Parasites, 152
Overview, 152
Classification, 152
Role in Disease, 154
Antiparasitic Agents, 155
23 Protozoa, 159
Interesting Facts, 159
Intestinal Amoeba, 159
Coccidia, 161
Flagellates, 163
Free-Living Amoeba, 165
Blood and Tissue Protozoa, 166
24 Nematodes, 172
Interesting Facts, 172
Intestinal Nematodes, 172
Blood Nematodes, 178
Tissue Nematodes, 180
25 Trematodes, 182
Interesting Facts, 182
Intestinal Trematode, 183
Tissue Trematodes, 184
Blood Trematodes, 187
26 Cestodes, 190
Interesting Facts, 190
Intestinal Cestodes, 191
Tissue Cestodes, 194
27 Arthropods, 196
SECTION VI Review Questions
Questions, 197
Answers, 211
Index, 225
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