| Author: |
Michael J. Leboffe & Burton E. Pierce
|
| Published in: | Morton Publishing Company |
| Release Year: | 2010 |
| ISBN: | 978-0-89582-830-9 |
| Pages: | 786 |
| Edition: | Third edition |
| File Size: | 34 MB |
| File Type: | |
| Language: | English |
Description of Microbiology Laboratory Theory & Application
This Microbiology Laboratory Theory & Application third edition in many ways is like another first edition. We have added 20 new exercises, incorporated four more exercises from MLTA Brief Edition, and have substantially rewritten several others. Every exercise has been screened and updated for better clarity, comprehensiveness, and appropriate placement in the manual. We have added three more of the boxed “A Word About” features to offer expanded introductory material in Sections 4, 5, and 8. Finally, we replaced many older photographs, and perhaps most important, employed a new artist to update the illustrations and enhance the overall beauty of the Microbiology Laboratory Theory & Application book.
Content of Microbiology Laboratory Theory & Application
Introduction Safety and Laboratory Guidelines 1
A Word About Experimental Design 6
Data Presentation: Tables and Graphs 7
Data Presentation: Be Creative, But Complete!8
SECTION 1 Fundamental Skills for the Microbiology Laboratory11
EXERCISE 1-1 Glo-GermTM Hand Wash Education System12
Basic Growth Media 14
EXERCISE 1-2 Nutrient Broth and Nutrient Agar Preparation 14
Aseptic Transfers and Inoculation Methods 17
EXERCISE 1-3 Common Aseptic Transfers and Inoculation Methods18
EXERCISE 1-4 Streak Plate Methods of Isolation 25
EXERCISE 1-5 Spread Plate Method of Isolation29
SECTION 2 Microbial Growth33
Diversity and Ubiquity of Microorganisms 34
EXERCISE 2-1 Ubiquity of Microorganims34
EXERCISE 2-2 Colony Morphology36
EXERCISE 2-3 Growth Patterns on Slants44
EXERCISE 2-4 Growth Patterns in Broth 45
Environmental Factors Affecting Microbial Growth 46
EXERCISE 2-5 Evaluation of Media46
Aerotolerance48
EXERCISE 2-6 Agar Deep Stabs 48
EXERCISE 2-7 Fluid Thioglycollate Medium 50
EXERCISE 2-8 Anaerobic Jar 52
EXERCISE 2-9 The Effect of Temperature on Microbial Growth 54
EXERCISE 2-10 The Effect of pH on Microbial Growth 56
EXERCISE 2-11 The Effect of Osmotic Pressure on Microbial Growth58
Control of Pathogens: Physical and Chemical Methods60
EXERCISE 2-12 Steam Sterilization61
EXERCISE 2-13 The Lethal Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation
on Microbial Growth 64
EXERCISE 2-14 Chemical Germicides: Disinfectants and Antiseptics66
SECTION 3 Microscopy and Staining69
Microscopy70
EXERCISE 3-1 Introduction to the Light Microscope70
EXERCISE 3-2 Calibration of the Ocular Micrometer 76
EXERCISE 3-3 Microscopic Examination of Eukaryotic Microbes 79
EXERCISE 3-4 Microscopic Examination of Pond Water 84
Bacterial Structure and Simple Stains 95
EXERCISE 3-5 Simple Stains 100
EXERCISE 3-6 Negative Stains 103
Differential and Structural Stains 105
EXERCISE 3-7 Gram Stain105
EXERCISE 3-8 Acid-Fast Stains 110
EXERCISE 3-9 Capsule Stain 115
EXERCISE 3-10 Endospore Stain 117
EXERCISE 3-11 Parasporal Crystal Stain121
EXERCISE 3-12 Wet Mount and Hanging Drop Preparations 122
EXERCISE 3-13 Flagella Stain 124
EXERCISE 3-14 Morphological Unknown 126
SECTION 4 Selective Media 129
A Word About Selective Media130
Selective Media for Isolation of Gram-Positive Cocci 131
EXERCISE 4-1 Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar131
EXERCISE 4-2 Columbia CNA With 5% Sheep Blood Agar 133
EXERCISE 4-3 Bile Esculin Test 135
EXERCISE 4-4 Mannitol Salts Agar 137
Selective Media for Isolation of Gram-Negative Rods139
EXERCISE 4-5 MacConkey Agar 139
EXERCISE 4-6 Eosin Methylene Blue Agar 142
EXERCISE 4-7 Hektoen Enteric Agar145
EXERCISE 4-8 Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate Agar 147
SECTION 5 Differential Tests 149
A Word About Biochemical Tests and Acid-Base Reactions 150
Introduction to Energy Metabolism Tests 151
EXERCISE 5-1 Reduction Potential 152
EXERCISE 5-2 Oxidation–Fermentation Test 155
Fermentation Tests 158
EXERCISE 5-3 Phenol Red Broth158
EXERCISE 5-4 Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer Tests 161
Tests Identifying Microbial Ability to Respire 165
EXERCISE 5-5 Catalase Test 165
EXERCISE 5-6 Oxidase Test 168
EXERCISE 5-7 Nitrate Reduction Test 171
Nutrient Utilization Tests 175
EXERCISE 5-8 Citrate Test175
EXERCISE 5-9 Malonate Test177
Decarboxylation and Deamination Tests 179
EXERCISE 5-10 Decarboxylation Tests 179
EXERCISE 5-11 Phenylalanine Deaminase Test182
Tests Detecting Hydrolytic Enzymes 184
EXERCISE 5-12 Starch Hydrolysis184
EXERCISE 5-13 Urea Hydrolysis 187
EXERCISE 5-14 Casein Hydrolysis Test 190
EXERCISE 5-15 Gelatin Hydrolysis Test 192
EXERCISE 5-16 DNA Hydrolysis Test 194
EXERCISE 5-17 Lipid Hydrolysis Test 196
EXERCISE 5-18 ONPG Test198
EXERCISE 5-19 PYR Test 200
Combination Differential Media202
EXERCISE 5-20 SIM Medium 202
EXERCISE 5-21 Triple Sugar Iron Agar / Kligler Iron Agar 206
EXERCISE 5-22 Lysine Iron Agar 209
EXERCISE 5-23 Litmus Milk Medium 211
Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing214
EXERCISE 5-24 Bacitracin, Novobiocin,
and Optochin Susceptibility Tests 214
Other Differential Tests217
EXERCISE 5-25 Blood Agar217
EXERCISE 5-26 CAMP Test220
EXERCISE 5-27 Coagulase Tests 222
EXERCISE 5-28 Motility Test 224
Multiple Test Systems 226
EXERCISE 5-29 API 20 E Identification System for Enterobacteriaceae
and Other Gram-negative Rods226
EXERCISE 5-30 Enterotube® II 232
Bacterial Unknowns Project237
EXERCISE 5-31 Bacterial Unknowns Project237
SECTION 6 Quantitative Techniques 243
EXERCISE 6-1 Standard Plate Count (Viable Count) 244
EXERCISE 6-2 Urine Culture 248
EXERCISE 6-3 Direct Count (Petroff-Hausser) 250
EXERCISE 6-4 Closed-System Growth 252
EXERCISE 6-5 Plaque Assay of Virus Titre 255
EXERCISE 6-6 Thermal Death Time Versus Decimal Reduction Value 259
SECTION 7 Medical Microbiology 263
EXERCISE 7-1 Snyder Test264
EXERCISE 7-2 Lysozyme Assay 266
EXERCISE 7-3 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (Kirby-Bauer Method) 268
EXERCISE 7-4 Clinical Biofilms 272
EXERCISE 7-5 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
(MMWR) Assignment274
EXERCISE 7-6 Epidemic Simulation 276
EXERCISE 7-7 Identification of Enterobacteriaceae 278
EXERCISE 7-8 Identification of Gram-positive Cocci 284
EXERCISE 7-9 Identification of Gram-positive Rods 289
SECTION 8 Environmental Microbiology 295
EXERCISE 8-1 Winogradsky Column296
Introduction to the Nitrogen Cycle299
EXERCISE 8-2 Nitrogen Fixation 300
EXERCISE 8-3 Nitrification: The Production of Nitrate305
EXERCISE 8-4 Ammonification 308
EXERCISE 8-5 Denitrification: Nitrate Reduction 310
A Word About Trophic Groups 312
Sulfur Cycle—Introduction 313
EXERCISE 8-6 Photosynthetic Sulfur Bacteria 315
EXERCISE 8-7 Chemolithotrophic Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria 318
EXERCISE 8-8 Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria321
EXERCISE 8-9 Bioluminescence 324
EXERCISE 8-10 Soil Slide Culture326
EXERCISE 8-11 Soil Microbial Count 329
EXERCISE 8-12 Membrane Filter Technique 332
EXERCISE 8-13 Multiple Tube Fermentation Method
for Total Coliform Determination 336
SECTION 9 Food Microbiology 341
EXERCISE 9-1 Methylene Blue Reductase Test 342
EXERCISE 9-2 Making Yogurt344
SECTION 10 Microbial Genetics 345
EXERCISE 10-1 Extraction of DNA from Bacterial Cells346
EXERCISE 10-2 Restriction Digest350
EXERCISE 10-3 Bacterial Transformation: The pGLOTM System 354
EXERCISE 10-4 Polymerase Chain Reaction359
EXERCISE 10-5 Ultraviolet Radiation Damage and Repair364
EXERCISE 10-6 Ames Test 367
EXERCISE 10-7 Phage Typing of E Coli Strains 371
SECTION 11 Hematology and Serology373
EXERCISE 11-1 Differential Blood Cell Count 374
Simple Serological Reactions 377
EXERCISE 11-2 Precipitin Ring Test 377
EXERCISE 11-3 Radial Immunodiffusion 380
EXERCISE 11-4 Slide Agglutination 382
EXERCISE 11-5 Blood Typing 384
EXERCISE 11-6 Mononucleosis Hemagglutination Test387
EXERCISE 11-7 Quantitative Indirect ELISA 389
SECTION 12 Eukaryotic Microbes 397
EXERCISE 12-1 The Fungi—Common Yeasts and Molds 398
Yeasts of Medical or Economic Importance 399
Molds of Medical or Economic Importance 400
EXERCISE 12-2 Fungal Slide Culture 406
EXERCISE 12-3 Examination of Common Protozoans
of Clinical Importance 409
Amoeboid Protozoans Found in Clinical Specimens 409
Ciliate Protozoan Found in Clinical Specimens 410
Flagellate Protozoans Found in Clinical Specimens 411
Sporozoan Protozoans Found in Clinical Specimens 412
EXERCISE 12-4 Parasitic Helminths 416
Trematode Parasites Found in Clinical Specimens 416
Cestode Parasites Found in Clinical Specimens 417
Nematode Parasites Found in Clinical Specimens 421
APPENDIX A Biochemical Pathways425
Oxidation of Glucose: Glycolysis, Entner-Doudoroff
and Pentose-Phosphate Pathways 425
Oxidation of Pyruvate: The Krebs Cycle and Fermentation428
APPENDIX B Miscellaneous Transfer Methods 433
Transfers Using a Sterile Cotton Swab 433
Stab Inoculation of Agar Tubes Using an Inoculating Needle 434
Spot Inoculation of an Agar Plate 435
APPENDIX C Transfer from a Broth Culture Using a Glass Pipette 437
Filling a Glass Pipette 438
Inoculation of Broth Tubes with a Pipette439
Inoculation of Agar Plates with a Pipette 440
APPENDIX D Transfer from a Broth Culture Using a Digital Pipette441
Filling a Digital Pipettor 441
Inoculation of Broth Tubes with a Digital Pipettor 442
Inoculation of Agar Plates with a Pipettor443
APPENDIX E The Spectrophotometer 445
Theory 445
Instructions for Use of the Spectronic D20+446
APPENDIX F Alternative Procedures for Section 6 449
Alternative Procedure for Exercise 6-1, Standard Plate Count
(Viable Count) 449
Alternative Procedure for Exercise 6-5,
Plaque Assay of Virus Titre450
Alternative Procedure for Exercise 6-6, Thermal
Death Time Versus Decimal Reduction Value 452
APPENDIX G Agarose Gel Electrophoresis455
Gel Preparation and Staining for Exercises 10-2 and 10-4455
APPENDIX H Medium, Reagent, and Stain Recipes 459
Media 459
Reagents 471
Solutions 472
Stains 472
Gram Stain Reagents473
Simple Stains474
Data Sheets 475
SECTION 1 Fundamental Skills for the Microbiology Laboratory477
SECTION 2 Microbial Growth 487
SECTION 3 Microscopy and Staining525
SECTION 4 Selective Media 555
SECTION 5 Differential Tests 571
SECTION 6 Quantitative Techniques635
SECTION 7 Medical Microbiology655
SECTION 8 Environmental Microbiology679
SECTION 9 Food Microbiology707
SECTION 10 Microbial Genetics 711
SECTION 11 Hematology and Serology 731
SECTION 12 Eukaryotic Microbes 745
Glossary757
Index765
A Word About Experimental Design 6
Data Presentation: Tables and Graphs 7
Data Presentation: Be Creative, But Complete!8
SECTION 1 Fundamental Skills for the Microbiology Laboratory11
EXERCISE 1-1 Glo-GermTM Hand Wash Education System12
Basic Growth Media 14
EXERCISE 1-2 Nutrient Broth and Nutrient Agar Preparation 14
Aseptic Transfers and Inoculation Methods 17
EXERCISE 1-3 Common Aseptic Transfers and Inoculation Methods18
EXERCISE 1-4 Streak Plate Methods of Isolation 25
EXERCISE 1-5 Spread Plate Method of Isolation29
SECTION 2 Microbial Growth33
Diversity and Ubiquity of Microorganisms 34
EXERCISE 2-1 Ubiquity of Microorganims34
EXERCISE 2-2 Colony Morphology36
EXERCISE 2-3 Growth Patterns on Slants44
EXERCISE 2-4 Growth Patterns in Broth 45
Environmental Factors Affecting Microbial Growth 46
EXERCISE 2-5 Evaluation of Media46
Aerotolerance48
EXERCISE 2-6 Agar Deep Stabs 48
EXERCISE 2-7 Fluid Thioglycollate Medium 50
EXERCISE 2-8 Anaerobic Jar 52
EXERCISE 2-9 The Effect of Temperature on Microbial Growth 54
EXERCISE 2-10 The Effect of pH on Microbial Growth 56
EXERCISE 2-11 The Effect of Osmotic Pressure on Microbial Growth58
Control of Pathogens: Physical and Chemical Methods60
EXERCISE 2-12 Steam Sterilization61
EXERCISE 2-13 The Lethal Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation
on Microbial Growth 64
EXERCISE 2-14 Chemical Germicides: Disinfectants and Antiseptics66
SECTION 3 Microscopy and Staining69
Microscopy70
EXERCISE 3-1 Introduction to the Light Microscope70
EXERCISE 3-2 Calibration of the Ocular Micrometer 76
EXERCISE 3-3 Microscopic Examination of Eukaryotic Microbes 79
EXERCISE 3-4 Microscopic Examination of Pond Water 84
Bacterial Structure and Simple Stains 95
EXERCISE 3-5 Simple Stains 100
EXERCISE 3-6 Negative Stains 103
Differential and Structural Stains 105
EXERCISE 3-7 Gram Stain105
EXERCISE 3-8 Acid-Fast Stains 110
EXERCISE 3-9 Capsule Stain 115
EXERCISE 3-10 Endospore Stain 117
EXERCISE 3-11 Parasporal Crystal Stain121
EXERCISE 3-12 Wet Mount and Hanging Drop Preparations 122
EXERCISE 3-13 Flagella Stain 124
EXERCISE 3-14 Morphological Unknown 126
SECTION 4 Selective Media 129
A Word About Selective Media130
Selective Media for Isolation of Gram-Positive Cocci 131
EXERCISE 4-1 Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar131
EXERCISE 4-2 Columbia CNA With 5% Sheep Blood Agar 133
EXERCISE 4-3 Bile Esculin Test 135
EXERCISE 4-4 Mannitol Salts Agar 137
Selective Media for Isolation of Gram-Negative Rods139
EXERCISE 4-5 MacConkey Agar 139
EXERCISE 4-6 Eosin Methylene Blue Agar 142
EXERCISE 4-7 Hektoen Enteric Agar145
EXERCISE 4-8 Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate Agar 147
SECTION 5 Differential Tests 149
A Word About Biochemical Tests and Acid-Base Reactions 150
Introduction to Energy Metabolism Tests 151
EXERCISE 5-1 Reduction Potential 152
EXERCISE 5-2 Oxidation–Fermentation Test 155
Fermentation Tests 158
EXERCISE 5-3 Phenol Red Broth158
EXERCISE 5-4 Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer Tests 161
Tests Identifying Microbial Ability to Respire 165
EXERCISE 5-5 Catalase Test 165
EXERCISE 5-6 Oxidase Test 168
EXERCISE 5-7 Nitrate Reduction Test 171
Nutrient Utilization Tests 175
EXERCISE 5-8 Citrate Test175
EXERCISE 5-9 Malonate Test177
Decarboxylation and Deamination Tests 179
EXERCISE 5-10 Decarboxylation Tests 179
EXERCISE 5-11 Phenylalanine Deaminase Test182
Tests Detecting Hydrolytic Enzymes 184
EXERCISE 5-12 Starch Hydrolysis184
EXERCISE 5-13 Urea Hydrolysis 187
EXERCISE 5-14 Casein Hydrolysis Test 190
EXERCISE 5-15 Gelatin Hydrolysis Test 192
EXERCISE 5-16 DNA Hydrolysis Test 194
EXERCISE 5-17 Lipid Hydrolysis Test 196
EXERCISE 5-18 ONPG Test198
EXERCISE 5-19 PYR Test 200
Combination Differential Media202
EXERCISE 5-20 SIM Medium 202
EXERCISE 5-21 Triple Sugar Iron Agar / Kligler Iron Agar 206
EXERCISE 5-22 Lysine Iron Agar 209
EXERCISE 5-23 Litmus Milk Medium 211
Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing214
EXERCISE 5-24 Bacitracin, Novobiocin,
and Optochin Susceptibility Tests 214
Other Differential Tests217
EXERCISE 5-25 Blood Agar217
EXERCISE 5-26 CAMP Test220
EXERCISE 5-27 Coagulase Tests 222
EXERCISE 5-28 Motility Test 224
Multiple Test Systems 226
EXERCISE 5-29 API 20 E Identification System for Enterobacteriaceae
and Other Gram-negative Rods226
EXERCISE 5-30 Enterotube® II 232
Bacterial Unknowns Project237
EXERCISE 5-31 Bacterial Unknowns Project237
SECTION 6 Quantitative Techniques 243
EXERCISE 6-1 Standard Plate Count (Viable Count) 244
EXERCISE 6-2 Urine Culture 248
EXERCISE 6-3 Direct Count (Petroff-Hausser) 250
EXERCISE 6-4 Closed-System Growth 252
EXERCISE 6-5 Plaque Assay of Virus Titre 255
EXERCISE 6-6 Thermal Death Time Versus Decimal Reduction Value 259
SECTION 7 Medical Microbiology 263
EXERCISE 7-1 Snyder Test264
EXERCISE 7-2 Lysozyme Assay 266
EXERCISE 7-3 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (Kirby-Bauer Method) 268
EXERCISE 7-4 Clinical Biofilms 272
EXERCISE 7-5 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
(MMWR) Assignment274
EXERCISE 7-6 Epidemic Simulation 276
EXERCISE 7-7 Identification of Enterobacteriaceae 278
EXERCISE 7-8 Identification of Gram-positive Cocci 284
EXERCISE 7-9 Identification of Gram-positive Rods 289
SECTION 8 Environmental Microbiology 295
EXERCISE 8-1 Winogradsky Column296
Introduction to the Nitrogen Cycle299
EXERCISE 8-2 Nitrogen Fixation 300
EXERCISE 8-3 Nitrification: The Production of Nitrate305
EXERCISE 8-4 Ammonification 308
EXERCISE 8-5 Denitrification: Nitrate Reduction 310
A Word About Trophic Groups 312
Sulfur Cycle—Introduction 313
EXERCISE 8-6 Photosynthetic Sulfur Bacteria 315
EXERCISE 8-7 Chemolithotrophic Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria 318
EXERCISE 8-8 Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria321
EXERCISE 8-9 Bioluminescence 324
EXERCISE 8-10 Soil Slide Culture326
EXERCISE 8-11 Soil Microbial Count 329
EXERCISE 8-12 Membrane Filter Technique 332
EXERCISE 8-13 Multiple Tube Fermentation Method
for Total Coliform Determination 336
SECTION 9 Food Microbiology 341
EXERCISE 9-1 Methylene Blue Reductase Test 342
EXERCISE 9-2 Making Yogurt344
SECTION 10 Microbial Genetics 345
EXERCISE 10-1 Extraction of DNA from Bacterial Cells346
EXERCISE 10-2 Restriction Digest350
EXERCISE 10-3 Bacterial Transformation: The pGLOTM System 354
EXERCISE 10-4 Polymerase Chain Reaction359
EXERCISE 10-5 Ultraviolet Radiation Damage and Repair364
EXERCISE 10-6 Ames Test 367
EXERCISE 10-7 Phage Typing of E Coli Strains 371
SECTION 11 Hematology and Serology373
EXERCISE 11-1 Differential Blood Cell Count 374
Simple Serological Reactions 377
EXERCISE 11-2 Precipitin Ring Test 377
EXERCISE 11-3 Radial Immunodiffusion 380
EXERCISE 11-4 Slide Agglutination 382
EXERCISE 11-5 Blood Typing 384
EXERCISE 11-6 Mononucleosis Hemagglutination Test387
EXERCISE 11-7 Quantitative Indirect ELISA 389
SECTION 12 Eukaryotic Microbes 397
EXERCISE 12-1 The Fungi—Common Yeasts and Molds 398
Yeasts of Medical or Economic Importance 399
Molds of Medical or Economic Importance 400
EXERCISE 12-2 Fungal Slide Culture 406
EXERCISE 12-3 Examination of Common Protozoans
of Clinical Importance 409
Amoeboid Protozoans Found in Clinical Specimens 409
Ciliate Protozoan Found in Clinical Specimens 410
Flagellate Protozoans Found in Clinical Specimens 411
Sporozoan Protozoans Found in Clinical Specimens 412
EXERCISE 12-4 Parasitic Helminths 416
Trematode Parasites Found in Clinical Specimens 416
Cestode Parasites Found in Clinical Specimens 417
Nematode Parasites Found in Clinical Specimens 421
APPENDIX A Biochemical Pathways425
Oxidation of Glucose: Glycolysis, Entner-Doudoroff
and Pentose-Phosphate Pathways 425
Oxidation of Pyruvate: The Krebs Cycle and Fermentation428
APPENDIX B Miscellaneous Transfer Methods 433
Transfers Using a Sterile Cotton Swab 433
Stab Inoculation of Agar Tubes Using an Inoculating Needle 434
Spot Inoculation of an Agar Plate 435
APPENDIX C Transfer from a Broth Culture Using a Glass Pipette 437
Filling a Glass Pipette 438
Inoculation of Broth Tubes with a Pipette439
Inoculation of Agar Plates with a Pipette 440
APPENDIX D Transfer from a Broth Culture Using a Digital Pipette441
Filling a Digital Pipettor 441
Inoculation of Broth Tubes with a Digital Pipettor 442
Inoculation of Agar Plates with a Pipettor443
APPENDIX E The Spectrophotometer 445
Theory 445
Instructions for Use of the Spectronic D20+446
APPENDIX F Alternative Procedures for Section 6 449
Alternative Procedure for Exercise 6-1, Standard Plate Count
(Viable Count) 449
Alternative Procedure for Exercise 6-5,
Plaque Assay of Virus Titre450
Alternative Procedure for Exercise 6-6, Thermal
Death Time Versus Decimal Reduction Value 452
APPENDIX G Agarose Gel Electrophoresis455
Gel Preparation and Staining for Exercises 10-2 and 10-4455
APPENDIX H Medium, Reagent, and Stain Recipes 459
Media 459
Reagents 471
Solutions 472
Stains 472
Gram Stain Reagents473
Simple Stains474
Data Sheets 475
SECTION 1 Fundamental Skills for the Microbiology Laboratory477
SECTION 2 Microbial Growth 487
SECTION 3 Microscopy and Staining525
SECTION 4 Selective Media 555
SECTION 5 Differential Tests 571
SECTION 6 Quantitative Techniques635
SECTION 7 Medical Microbiology655
SECTION 8 Environmental Microbiology679
SECTION 9 Food Microbiology707
SECTION 10 Microbial Genetics 711
SECTION 11 Hematology and Serology 731
SECTION 12 Eukaryotic Microbes 745
Glossary757
Index765
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